There are certain things no one tells you usually when you are a university student. You are just expected to know them. When you learn them, suddenly it is as if you are part of an inner circle of respected peers who accept you… but you are not really sure how you got there. The devil is in the details. What sets rookies apart from experts is deep knowledge of details and sublties that others overlook or gloss over. Regardless of your field, one key element that sets the experts apart from everyone else is their understanding of details in various elements of our work.
For students and scholars, once of these subtleties is knowing the difference between a citation and a reference:. A specific source that you mention in the body of your paper. The format of the citation may change depending on the style you use e. MLA and APA and the way that you weave the citation into your writing, but the basic elements of the citation that you need to include are:.
If you quote a source directly you must include the exact page number in your citation or it is incomplete. This is a list of the the sources you have cited. The references come at the end of your paper. Every source that is listed in your references also needs to be cited in the body of your paper.
Every source listed in your references should be accessible by others who read your work. Think of it as a trail of breadcrumbs that you leave for readers to show them where they can go to find the original source material for themselves. There can be confusion as to what the difference is between a citation and a reference. You may also paraphrase what others have written. Here is an example of how to do this correctly:. According to the Canadian Lung Association , most people who quit smoking use a combination of methods.
These should be included within the body of the document. They should not be confused with references. References should be included on the separate Reference Page. An example of how to list references on a Reference Page is listed below.
Keep in mind that formatting will not show up correctly on a blog. Here is an example without the indentations showing up:. Canadian Lung Association. This is the main difference between citation and reference. A citation indicates the source of your information. It tells the readers from where you took the ideas and information.
This is done in the text itself. There are different ways of adding citation to your work. This method is followed in APA style. The process of heating wine for preservation purposes has been known in China since Hornsey, Spencer, and Bacon, Hornsey, Spencer and Bacon report that the process of heating wine for preservation purposes has been known in China since In MLA referencing style, the year of publication is replaced by the page number.
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