To identify exact locations on the surface of the Earth, a geographic coordinate system is used. Normally, an x and y-axis are used in mathematical systems, but in geography, the axes are referred to as lines of latitude horizontal lines that run east-west and longitude vertical lines that run north-south.
Georeferencing and geocoding are different but similar processes since both involve fitting data to the appropriate coordinates of the real world. The data used in geocoding are addresses and location descriptors city, country, etc. Each of these locations is given the exact coordinates of reference for that location on the surface of the Earth. The most common way that spatial data is processed and analyzed is using a GIS, or, geographic information system.
These are programs or a combination of programs that work together to help users make sense of their spatial data. This includes management, manipulation and customization, analysis, and creating visual displays. A user will typically use multiple spatial datasets at one time and compare them or combine them with one another. Each spatial dataset may be referred to as a layer.
If you were using GIS for a municipality project, you might have vector data like street data lines , neighbourhood boundary data polygons , and high school locations points.
Each dataset would exist as its own layer in your GIS. Placement of layers is important for visual purposes as it will help you understand the various types of data and present your findings in an easily understandable way. In this case, you would want to make sure that high school points and street lines are layers above neighbourhood boundaries.
Otherwise, you would not be able to see them. The field and study of GIS extends much further than digital mapping and cartography. It consists of a variety of categories including spatial analysis , remote sensing, and geovisualization. In these GIS fields, the spatial data becomes much more complex and difficult to use. In addition to raster and vector data, there is also LiDAR data also known as point clouds and 3D data.
LiDAR data is data that is collected via satellites, drones, or other aerial devices. Maps are a common practice of presenting spatial data as they can easily communicate complex topics. They can help validate or provide evidence for decision making, teach others about historical events in an area, or help provide an understanding of natural and human-made phenomena.
When creating visuals, graphics, or maps with spatial data, there are a variety of geographic elements to consider. One of the most important and coincidentally most problematic elements is projection. No projection is perfect and depending on your projection you may be sacrificing accuracy in shape, area, distance, or direction.
Maps can also be used to present what are typically non-visual elements of society. Spatial Data. Techopedia Explains Spatial Data. What Does Spatial Data Mean? Spatial data is also known as geospatial data, spatial information or geographic information.
Techopedia Explains Spatial Data Spatial data is used in geographical information systems GIS and other geolocation or positioning services. Share this Term. Tech moves fast! Stay ahead of the curve with Techopedia! Join nearly , subscribers who receive actionable tech insights from Techopedia. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! Sum up: Spatial order is used to describe something.
Another principle of organization is spatial order. In this pattern, items are arranged according to their physical position or relationships. In describing a shelf or desk, I might describe items on the left first, then move gradually toward the right.
Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. Ben Davis March 27, What is mean by spatial data in GIS? What is Spatial Data example? What do u mean by spatial data? What is spatial data and its types? What are the two spatial models?
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