By: Alan MacRobert November 5, Astronomy and Society. By: David Dickinson November 4, Sky Tour Astronomy Podcast. By: J. Kelly Beatty November 1, By: Alan MacRobert October 29, By: Bob King October 27, By: Alan MacRobert October 22, Constant Contact Use.
Emails are serviced by Constant Contact. Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt with the American flag.
Earth glows blue , miles in the distance. Six Apollo missions successfully landed on and departed from the Moon between July and December Top, clockwise: James Irwin salutes the flag at Hadley Rill; Harrison Schmitt collects rock samples in the Taurus-Littrow Valley; Buzz Aldrin's footprint in the lunar regolith; Charlie Duke placed a photo of his family on the Moon and took a picture of it; Edgar Mitchell photographs the desolate landscape of the Fra Mauro highlands; and Pete Conrad jiggles the Surveyor 3 probe to see how firmly it's situated.
The astronauts' tracks as well as the rover and other items are plainly visible. Click for a large version. All the landing sites can be found using these five prominent lunar craters. North is up in this view. Apollo 11 landed on July 20, , on the relatively smooth and safe terrain of the Sea of Tranquility.
For an extra challenge, see if you can spot the three craters named for the Apollo 11 astronauts just north of the landing site. Doubters say there wouldn't be wind on the Moon as there is no air. The truth to this is that although it looks like it is moving, it isn't.
When it was stuck in the ground it would have been disturbed and kept that bent shape. In videos, it also appears to wave back and forth. This is because when the astronauts were putting it in, they rotated it back and forth to better dig into the lunar soil, which made the flag ripple. Some people don't believe in the space shuttle and the missions to the Moon because they think the journey itself was impossible because of something called the Van Allen belts. The Van Allen belts are huge belts of radiation that surround the Earth.
It's been claimed that humans would not be able to pass through these belts without being subjected to lethal doses of radiation. Radiation sickness occurs when you have been exposed to around to 'rads' of radiation within a few hours.
The Apollo 11 crew were within the belts for less than two hours during their journey to the Moon, and so would have only been exposed to an estimated 18 rads - well within the safe limit. Nasa made sure that the spacecraft was well-insulated so actually the average dose of radiation over the day mission was just 0.
Another piece of evidence for the landing is the fact that the astronauts came back with rocks from its surface. They returned with more than pounds kg of Moon rocks, which have been shared and studied by scientists in many countries for decades.
All of the tests have confirmed that they did indeed come from the Moon. Many of the Moon rocks contained small glass spheres or spherules. Glass is produced in two ways - in explosive volcanic activity and by high-speed meteorite impacts that melt and vaporize rock.
In both methods, the rock needs time to cool and crystallise slowly. On Earth, the elements quickly break down any volcanically-produced glass. But in space, glass spherules survive nearly pristine. You can still see where the different Apollo missions landed and even the footprints of the astronauts from space.
On Earth, footprints or other markings on the surface are easily erased by the winds, rain and other surface activity which happens on a planet with an atmosphere, oceans and life. On the Moon, however, there are none of those conditions, which is why the footprints remain. Nasa's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been in orbit around the Moon since , has captured photographs of all the Apollo landing sites.
The images show the Apollo spacecraft in exactly the right locations and, amazingly, you can even see the astronauts' footprints as they explored their lunar home.
These landing sites have also been independently spotted by a variety of other spacecraft from China, India, and Japan. The Moon landing was not just for entertainment - even if hundreds of millions of people did watch it. It was also a huge opportunity for science. A number of scientific instruments were sent up with the mission to learn more about the Moon and some of these were left behind. Amongst the instruments left were retroreflectors. Lunar reflectors have enabled precise measurements of the Earth-Moon distance since and many remain operational today, reflecting lasers off surfaces installed by the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 crews, as well as the Soviet Lunokhod 2 rover.
Aldrin during the Apollo 11 extravehicular activity on the Moon. Or rather, there are no stars in the pictures that Armstrong and Aldrin took on the moon.
And the astronauts are wearing bright white space suits that are highly reflective. Aldrin pictured with the Lunar Module "Eagle. In images from the moon landing, it is possible to see certain objects even though they are in shadow. Therefore, the fact that you can see some objects in shadow must be the result of special Hollywood lighting. Neil Armstrong took this photograph of Aldrin with a 70mm lunar surface camera.
Some skeptics have pointed out that Armstrong does not appear to be holding a camera, so someone else must be taking the picture. In his bulky suit, he needed something that was easy to manipulate. The camera he used on the moon was mounted on the front of his suit , which is where his hands are in the reflection. It was so compelling that some conspiracy theorists later wondered if the government had actually hired Kubrick to film the moon landing in a soundstage possibly like the one James Bond ran through in the film Diamonds Are Forever.
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